Using Standard Hindi and Fiji Hindi in Primary School Curriculum and Communities in Fiji

Bimal Avinesh Chand, Satish Prakash Chand

Abstract


The use of Fiji Hindi and Standard Hindi is often debated around schools and communities in Fiji. Over the years, several studies have been conducted to focus on different facets of language use. While much has been studied on the formal and informal elements of the Hindi language, the views of the community on its use in social and educational settings has not been investigated. The purpose of the study was to investigate the views of the major stakeholders in implementing Fiji Hindi to replace the Standard Hindi currently used in the primary school curriculum in Fiji. We collected data using three semi-structured interviews and 94 questionnaires. The results showed that Fiji Hindi is preferred in social settings which require informal communication, and Standard Hindi is preferred in formal settings. The results also show that participants prefer Standard Hindi for educational purposes and favour that it be preserved for sustainability.


Keywords


Fiji hindi; standard hindi; indo-Fijians; Hindi; Fiji

Full Text:

PDF

References


Barz R. K., & J. Siegel. (Eds.). (1988). Language transplanted: The development of Overseas Hindi. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrossowitz.

Geraghty, P. A. (1984). Language policy in Fiji and Rotuma. In Duivosavosa: Fiji languages, their use and their future. Fiji Museum Bulletin, 8, 32-73

Government of Fiji (2008). Charter for Change, Peace and Progress. https://www.fiji.gov.fj/getattachment/Govt--Publications/Peoples-Charter/finalcharter-(2).pdf.aspx

Government of Fiji (2000). Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Report of the Fiji Islands Education Commission/Panel. Suva. Government Printery.

Government of Fiji (1997). Constitution of the Republic of Fiji. Suva. Government of Fiji

Government of Fiji (2013). Constitution of the Republic of Fiji. Suva. Government of Fiji.

Hopf, S. C., McLeod, S., & McDonagh, S. H. (2017). Validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for school students in Fiji. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 31(7-9), 487-502.

Kachru, B. B. (1986). The alchemy of English: The spread, functions and models of non-native Englishes. Oxford: Pergamon Press

Lagi, R. (2016). Compulsory teaching of English: Impacts on learning in a Fiji sclassroom. Open Journal of International Education, 1(2), 90-101.

Lal, B. V. (1983). Girmitiyas: the origins of the Fiji Indians. https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:408318

Lal, B. (2011). Ministry looks at language policy. Retrieved from: https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/News/Ministry-looks-at-language-policy..

Lal, V. (2016). Annual Report. Retrieved from: http://sanatanfiji.com/wp content/uploads/2016/08/ANNUAL-REPORT.pdf

Lewis, M. P., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (2016). Summary by language size. Ethnologue: Languages of the world (19th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International.

https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/default/files/Ethnologue-18-Honduras.pdf

Mangubhai, F., & Mugler, F. (2003). The language situation in Fiji. Retrieved from: https//doi.org/10.1080/14664200308668058

Mangubhai, F., & Mugler, F. (2006). The language situation in Fiji. In R. B. Baldauf Jr. & R. B. Kaplan (Eds.), Language planning and policy in the Pacific (Vol. 1): Fiji, the Philippines and Vanuatu (pp. 22-113). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Meena, R. L. 2017. Why Is It Important To Learn Hindi? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312889795_Why_it's_Important_to_Learn_Hindi_Professor_Ram_Lakhan_Meena

Ministry of Economy. (2017). 5 Year and 20 Year National Development Plan: Transforming Fiji. Republic of Fiji. Government of Fiji.

Ministry of Education (2013). The Fiji National Curriculum Framework. Quality Education for Change, Peace and Progress. Ministry of Education, Fiji

Ministry of National Planning (2009). The roadmap for democracy and sustainable socio-economic development 2010-2014 (RDSSED). Ministry of Education, Fiji.

Naidu, V. (1980). Indo-Fijian culture in the year 2000. Pacific Perspective. 9(4), 35.

Narayan, R. (2018). The Place of Literary Writings in Fiji's Education System. An Overview of Hindi Writings in Fiji. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(5), 43-46.

Pillai, R. (1990). Adhura Sapna. Unpublished Fiji Hindi play.

Prakash, S. (2003). The linguistic wheel coming full circle: A review of Dauka Puraan by Subramani (Star Publications Pvt Ltd, New Delhi). Fijian Studies: A Journal of Contemporary Fiji I. http//www.fijianstudies.org.

Puamau, P. (2005). Rethinking educational reform: A Pacific perspective. A paper presented at Redesigning Pedagogy: Research, Policy, Practice, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Shameem, N. (1995). Hamai Log Ke Boli, Our Language: Language Shift in an Immigrant Community: the Wellington Indo-Fijians: a Thesis Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Linguistics (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington).

Shameem, N. (2005). Comparing Conceptual and Lexical Items In Fiji Hindi And English: Implications For Language Learning. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 11(2) 25-44.

Siegel, J. (1987). Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Siegel, J. (1992). Indian languages and identity in Fiji. Journal of Asia Pacific Communication, 3(1), 115-132

Subramani (2000) Learning languages together. In Report of the Fiji Education Commission/Panel, Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands (pp. 290-300). Suva: Ministry of Education, Government of Fiji.

Vakatale, T. (2000). The constraints and challenges to building multiculturalism in Fiji. In Educating for Multiculturalism, Suva: Citizens Constitutional Forum.

World Population Review (2020). Fiji Population. https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fiji-population


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies
ISSN 1305-578X (Online)
Copyright © 2005-2022 by Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies