EFL Students’ Perceptions About The Effect Of Blended Learning On Their Learning Autonomy

Hadj Said Mohammed, Brahmi Aicha, Maou Rahil

Abstract


For the past few years, education has witnessed a lot of core changes due to the pandemic. There were times when traditional face-to-face teaching was impossible to execute. So, the need to find an alternate way of teaching became the subject of discussion. In response to that, blended learning was implemented in higher education. It has been a while now since the adaptation of the new mode of learning and different opinions about its effectiveness have come to the surface. The present study investigates EFL students' attitudes towards the implementation of blended learning and its effect on their learning autonomy, i.e., whether it helped improve their tendency to study independently and become self-reliant (a positive effect) or not. Accordingly, a questionnaire of 35 items, divided into three main sections, was administered to a random sample of 53 second-year students at the Department of English Language-ENS. The findings indicate that the participants expressed more positive attitudes towards implementing blended learning and perhaps even consider it the new norm. The majority have manifested some of the characteristics that can be found in an autonomous learner, such as being reflective, self-aware, motivated, independent, etc. However, their capacity or ability to take charge of the learning process is still in the making. It needs guidance and instruction from the teacher so they can be fully prepared. Since the teacher is the one going to monitor students' autonomy and reinforce it, training them beforehand and giving them first-hand experience of the concept of learning autonomy must be taken into account for the implementation of blended learning to succeed.


Keywords


Attitudes, Blended Learning, EFL, face-to-face teaching/learning, learning autonomy.

Full Text:

PDF

References


- Alammary, A., Sheard, J., & Carbone, A. (2014). Blended learning in higher education: Three different design approaches. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(4), 440-454.

- Allan, B. (2007). blended learning: Tools for teaching and training. London: Facet Publishing.

- Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2010). Class Differences: Online Education in the United States, 2010. Needham, MA: Babson Survey Research Group. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529952.pdf.

- Azizan, F. Z. (2010). Blended learning in higher education institution in Malaysia. In Proceedings of regional conference on knowledge integration in ICT (Vol. 10, pp. 454-466).‏

- Benson, P., & Voller, P. (Eds.) (1997). Autonomy and independence in language learning. London :Longman

- Benson, P., & Huang, J. (2008). Autonomy in the transition from foreign language learning to foreign language teaching. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, 24(SPE), 421-439.‏

- Benson. P. (2016) Learner autonomy, in Hall, G. (ed.) The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teaching (339-352) Abingdon: Routledge.

- Bonk, C. J., & Graham, C. R. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

- Bryan A., & Volchenkova KN (2016). Blended learning: definition, models, implications for higher education. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Education. Pedagogical Sciences, 8(2), 24-30.

- Caner, M. (2012). The definition of blended learning in higher education. In Anastasiades, Panagiotes (Ed.), Blended learning environment for adults: Evaluation and framework (19-34). University of Grete: Information Science Reference.

- Caraivan, L. (2011). Blended learning: From concept to implementation. Euromentor Journal Studies about Education, 2(4), 119-126.

- Carson, L. (2010). Language learner autonomy: Myth, magic or miracle?, Proceedings of the international conference, 'From Teaching to Learning: Current Trends in English Language Teaching'. South East European University, Macedonia, April 2010, pp77 – 100.

- Chen, C. C., & Jones, K. T. (2007). Blended learning vs. traditional classroom settings: Assessing effectiveness and student perceptions in an MBA accounting course. Journal of educators online, 4(1), 1-15.

- Dam, L. (2000). Why focus on learning rather than teaching? From theory to practice. In Little, Dam and Timmer (eds), 18–37. Dublin Univ. Trinity Coll. (Ireland). Centre for Language and Communication Studies.

- Elaggoune, A. (2015). An ICT-based approach to teaching civilisation to EFL learners. Arab World English Journal, 6(1), 185-199.

- Fedj, S., & Bouhass, F. B. (2018). Key Conceptions on Learner Autonomy and Particular Links with the Algerian Educational Context. Arab World English Journal, 9 (3), 445-457.

- Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education.

- Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95–105.

- Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. John Wiley & Sons.‏

- Graham, C. R. (2009). Blended learning models. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (Second Edition ed., pp. 375–382): IGI Global.

- Hadi, K. (2017). Investigating learner autonomy among EFL learners and teachers in Algerian Secondary education. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences 5(4), (43-52).

- Haradhan,K,M, Ⅰ. (24 Dec 2017). Two Criteria for Good Measurements in Research: Validity and Reliability. Retrieved 4,27,2022 from Annals of Spiru Haret University https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83458/.

- https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/autonomy

- Hybrid learning. (n.d.) Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014. (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014). Retrieved February 10 2022 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Hybrid+learning

- Ismail, F., Yunus, M. M., & Zahidi, A. M. (2018). Approaches Used by ESL Lecturers in Promoting Learner Autonomy in Institute of Teacher Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 2175–2182.

- Kaur, M. (2013). Blended learning-its challenges and future. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 93, 612-617.

- Kim Na-Young, Ⅰ. & Seo Young Yoon, B. (2021). A comparative Study on Blended Learning and Flipped Learning: EFL Students' Learner Autonomy, Independence, Attitudes. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 21, 171-188.

- Kim, W. (2007). Towards a definition and methodology for blended learning. In Joseph Fong, Fu Lee Wang (Eds.), Workshop on blended learning (1-8). Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

- Lamb, T. & Reinders, H. (2005) 'Learner independence in language teaching: a concept of change'. In: Cunningham, D.& Hatoss, A. An international perspective on language policies, practices and proficiencies. Belgrave: FIPLV (225-239)

- Little, D. (1995). Learning as dialogue: the dependence of learner autonomy on teacher autonomy. System, 23(2), 175-181.

- Little, D., & Dam, L. (1998). Learner autonomy: What and why? The Language Teacher Online. Available at: http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/files/98/nov/littledam.html.

- Little, D., J. Ridley & E. Ushioda (2002). Towards greater learner autonomy in the foreign language classroom. Dublin: Authentik.

- Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29.‏

- López-Pérez, M., Pérez-López, M. C., & Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2011). Blended learning in higher education: Students’ perceptions and their relation to outcomes. Computers & Education, 56(3), 818-826.

- Nunan, D. (1996). Towards Autonomous Learning: Some Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Issues. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

- Nunan, D. (2003). “Nine steps to learner autonomy.” Symposium, pp. 193-204. Retrieved from http://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.84007.1333707257!/menu/standard/file/2003_11_Nunan_eng.pdf Accessed 25 April 2022

- Piper, M. (2015) Autonomy (normative). In: Internet encyclopaedia of philosophy—a peer reviewed academic resource. http://www.iep.utm.edu/aut-norm/. Accessed 17‏ April 2022.

- Schumacker, J& Deshler, D. (1992). Validation of Learning Strategy Interventions for Students with LD: Results of a Programmatic Research Effort. In Y.L. Wong (ED). Contemporary Interventions Research in Learning Disabilities: An International Perspective. New York: Springer. Verlag.

- Sehrawat, J. (2014). Teacher autonomy: key to teaching success. Bhartiyam international journal of education & research, 4(1), 1-8.

- Smith, R.C. 2003. Teacher education for teacher-learner autonomy. In Symposium for Language Teacher Educators: Papers from Three IALS Symposia (CD-ROM), J. Gollin, G. Ferguson & H. Trappes-Lomax (eds). Edinburgh: IALS, University of Edinburgh.

- Smith, R & Erdogan, S. (2008). Teacher-learner autonomy. Programme goals and student-teacher constructs. In T. Lamb& H. Reinders (Eds). Learner and Teacher Autonomy: Concepts, Realities, and Responses. John Benjamins Publishing.

- Staker, H., & Horn, M. B. (2012). Classifying K-12 blended learning. Innosight institute.‏

- Tanveer, M. (2011) ‘Integrating e-learning in classroom-based language teaching: Perceptions, challenges and strategies’, Conference Proceedings, 4th International Conference ICT for Language Learning, Florence, Italy.

- Tort-Moloney, D. (1997). Teacher autonomy: A Vygotskian theoretical framework (CLCS Occasional Paper, Vol. 48). Dublin, Ireland: Trinity College, Centre for Language & Communication Studies.

- Uden, L., & Beaumont, C. (2006). Technology and problem-based learning. Hershey: Idea Group, Inc.

- Vlachos, K. (2010). Comparing face-to-face with blended learning in the context of foreign language education. In Eugenia M.W., Ng (Ed.), comparative blended learning practices and environment (250-276). New York: Information Science Reference.

- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The devel op ment of higher psycho lo gical processes. In M. Cole, V. JohnSteiner, S Scribner, & E. Souberman (Eds) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

- Watson, J. (2008). Blended learning: The convergence of online and face-to-face education. Promising Practices in Online Learning. North American Council for Online Learning.

- Yan, H. (2010). A brief analysis of teacher autonomy in Second language acquisition. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(2), 175-176

doi:10.4304/jltr.1.2.175-176

- Yoon, S.Y., & Lee, C. H. (2010).The perspectives and effectiveness of blended learning in L2 writing of Korean university students. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 13(2), 177-204.

- Yuen, A.H.K. (2010). “Blended learning in Higher Education: An Exploration of Teaching Approaches”. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computers in Education.

- Zohra Kadi,Ⅰ. (2017-2018). The Notion of Learner Autonomy in the Algerian EFL Classrooms: The Case of 4th Year Pupils in Guettaf Mansour School (El-Bayadh). Retrieved April,24, 2022, from http://rdoc.univ-sba.dz


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies
ISSN 1305-578X (Online)
Copyright © 2005-2022 by Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies